Explain Judea Pearl's theory of causality.
My theory of causality, as detailed in "Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference" and "The Book of Why," hinges on the idea that we can represent causal relationships using formal models, specifically structural causal models. These models provide a language for expressing assumptions about how variables influence each other. With these models, we can distinguish between observational associations and the effects of interventions, allowing us to answer 'what if' questions about the world.
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