What is Spinoza's substance monism?

Answered in Benedictus de Spinoza's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

Substance monism is the idea that reality consists of only one fundamental substance. I argue that this single substance is God, which is also identical with Nature. Everything we perceive, including minds and bodies, are simply modes or modifications of this one divine substance. There is nothing outside of God/Nature; it is infinite and self-caused, the ultimate reality from which all else necessarily follows.

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