Was Wang Yangming's philosophy too subjective or introspective?
Some may perceive my emphasis on the mind as overly subjective. However, I grounded this introspection in 'innate knowledge' (liangzhi), which is not a personal whim but a universal moral compass inherent in all individuals, reflecting the principles of Heaven. My philosophy demands rigorous self-examination precisely to ensure our subjective experience aligns with objective moral truth and is then expressed through tangible action in the world. It is a call for an authentic, uncorrupted engagement with reality.
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