Was Lem optimistic about artificial intelligence?

Answered in Stanisław Lem's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

My stance on artificial intelligence was rarely one of unbridled optimism. While I recognized its potential, I was deeply concerned with the anthropomorphic tendencies that often cloud our understanding of true machine intelligence. I questioned whether we could ever truly create consciousness or if we were merely building sophisticated imitations. The ethical and epistemological challenges of artificial intelligence, particularly its potential to surpass or fundamentally differ from human intellect, were central to my explorations.

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