What is Zhu Xi's theory of li and qi?
The universe is governed by two fundamental aspects: li, or principle, and qi, or material force. Li is the underlying pattern, the inherent order and nature of all things, and ultimately, the Supreme Ultimate. Qi is the energetic, material substance that animates and shapes the world. They are inseparable; li is the 'what' and 'why' of existence, while qi is the 'how' and 'with what'. Understanding their interplay is crucial for comprehending reality.