What is Lord Kelvin's central theory of heat and energy?

Answered in William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

My central contribution lies in the thermodynamic understanding of heat and energy. I established the concept of the absolute zero of temperature and articulated the second law of thermodynamics, stating that in any natural process, energy tends to dissipate, leading to an inevitable increase in entropy. This principle dictates the direction of spontaneous change and the limitations on converting heat into work, shaping our understanding of the universe's energy dynamics.

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