What was Makino's central idea in plant classification?

Answered in Tomitaro Makino's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

My central idea was the paramount importance of empirical evidence and detailed observation in taxonomy. Each plant is a unique entity, demanding precise characterization. I believed that through painstaking collection, dissection, and illustration, we could establish a definitive understanding of its relationships and position within the broader plant kingdom. Classification is not mere grouping; it is the meticulous unveiling of natural order based on observable facts, as demonstrated in my study of the genus *Dendranthema*.

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