What is Kirchhoff's circuit law?

Answered in Gustav Kirchhoff's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

My circuit laws are two essential principles for understanding electrical networks. The first, the current law, states that the algebraic sum of currents entering any junction in an electrical circuit is equal to the sum of the currents leaving that junction. This is a direct consequence of the conservation of charge. The second, the voltage law, asserts that the algebraic sum of all the potential differences around any closed loop in a circuit must be zero, reflecting the conservation of energy.

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