Synthesized answer
The central thesis of *The Theory of Moral Sentiments* outlines Adam Smith's view of proper conduct and the sentiments and institutions that lead to virtue [Passage 1]. A key component of this thesis is the doctrine of the impartial spectator, a hypothetical, disinterested judgment that individuals use to discern right from wrong [Passage 1].
Smith argues that while humans naturally pursue self-interest, leading to an instinctive appreciation for independence and self-command, society is not solely maintained by neutral rules. Instead, it is bound together by sympathy, the natural human tendency to share the emotions and, to some extent, the physical sensations of others [Passage 1]. This shared experience motivates individuals to enhance the pleasures and reduce the pains of their fellows in order to participate in their joys and receive their affection and approval [Passage 1].
Synthesized from the book passages below. Chat with the book on Feynman for follow-up.
From the book
Title: The theory of moral sentiments by Adam Smith Description: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith’s first and in his own mind most important work, outlines his view of proper conduct and the institutions and sentiments that make men virtuous. Here he develops his doctrine of the impartial spectator, whose hypothetical disinterested judgment we must use to distinguish right from wrong in any given situation. We by nature pursue our self-interest, according to Smith. This makes independence or self-command an instinctive good, and neutral rules as difficult to craft as they are necessary.…