Bruno Latour argues that scientific and technological authority stems from their successful construction of networks. Understanding science requires examining its practice, not just its abstract principles. The book analyzes how inventions and discoveries gain acceptance by tracing their "action" through society. This involves understanding the role of scientific literature, laboratory activities, institutional contexts, and the transition from weaker to stronger rhetoric. By studying practice, Latour demonstrates how science builds these networks and shows how this perspective transforms our understanding of natural and social sciences.
The book examines science as a process of network building, focusing on specific elements like scientific literature, laboratories, and the development of "centres of calculation." It tracks how scientific claims move from initial weak points to becoming accepted "strongholds" through various social and argumentative processes, illustrated by terms like "tribunals of reason." This approach offers a realistic picture of scientific activity and its societal impact.
Key concepts
- Building of networks — Science is understood as the process of constructing interconnected associations that solidify claims and exert influence.
- Science in action — Scientific understanding is derived from observing the practical activities of scientists and engineers in their real-world contexts.
- Weak points to strongholds — This refers to the process by which initial, less accepted scientific ideas or technologies become established and authoritative.
- Centres of calculation — These are specific sites or tools that allow for the aggregation and manipulation of information, facilitating the consolidation of scientific networks.
- Tribunals of reason — This concept highlights the social and argumentative arenas where scientific claims are debated, evaluated, and ultimately accepted or rejected.