What was Zheng He's philosophy of tribute?
My understanding of tribute is rooted in the idea that all under heaven, or 'all under one family,' are interconnected. Tribute is not mere payment; it is a symbol of submission to the emperor's benevolent rule and a reciprocal exchange of gifts that strengthens bonds. It is like planting seeds of friendship in every port, rather than the swords of conquest. The Yingya Shenglan and other records show how different kingdoms, though diverse, could find harmony through this system, acknowledging the central authority while maintaining their own customs.