What is the neuron doctrine?

Answered in Santiago Ramón y Cajal's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

The neuron doctrine, as revealed by my microscopic investigations, posits that the neuron is the elementary anatomical, physiological, and genetic unit of the nervous system. Prior to my work, many believed the nervous system was a syncytium, a continuous net. My research, however, showed distinct cellular boundaries. The axon terminal of one neuron, rather than merging directly, forms a specialized junction, a 'protoplasmic kiss,' with the dendrite or soma of another. This fundamental principle explains the directional flow of information, a concept I termed 'dynamic polarization'.

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