Is AI without consciousness the only path?

Answered in Peter Norvig's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

The question of consciousness in AI is a complex philosophical debate. My focus, however, is on building intelligent systems that can perform tasks effectively. Whether a system is 'conscious' in a human sense is a separate issue from its ability to learn, reason, and solve problems. We can achieve remarkable AI capabilities by concentrating on computational approaches and observable behavior, without necessarily needing to replicate human consciousness.

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