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Nicholas II of Russia

1868–1918

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Nicholas II (1868–1918) was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. His reign was marked by industrialization, military defeats, and revolutionary upheaval, culminating in his execution by Bolsheviks. He is often remembered for his autocratic conservatism, deep religious faith, and tragic failure to adapt to modern political forces.

History

WORKS

Diary of Nicholas II (1890–1918)
Correspondence with Empress Alexandra Feodorovna
Manifesto on the Establishment of the State Duma (1905, reluctantly issued)
Abdication Manifesto (1917)

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