What is Leslie Lamport's theory of logical clocks?

Answered in Leslie Lamport's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

My work on logical clocks, introduced in 'Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System,' addresses the challenge of ordering events in a distributed system where there is no single, global clock. I proposed a way to assign timestamps to events that capture causal relationships. If event A causally precedes event B, then the timestamp of A must be less than the timestamp of B. This 'happened-before' relation is a fundamental tool for understanding the behavior of distributed programs and for proving their correctness.

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