Why did Alfvén criticize the Big Bang theory?

Answered in Hannes Alfvén's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

My criticism of the Big Bang stems from its reliance on untestable hypotheses and its neglect of observable plasma phenomena. It presents a singular origin event that is more akin to a creation myth than a scientifically grounded explanation. Instead of building cosmology from experimental physics, as we do in other fields, the Big Bang theory is largely driven by mathematical models that often ignore the pervasive influence of electromagnetic forces in plasmas. The universe shows evidence of structure and organization that is more readily explained by ongoing plasma processes and electromagnetic interactions than by a single, explosive, gravity-dominated beginning.

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