Did Guo Xiang believe in a creator God?
No, the notion of a singular creator deity is fundamentally alien to my philosophy. I reject any external agent responsible for bringing the world into being. The universe is a self-organizing totality, where existence and transformation are inherent processes, not the result of a deliberate act of creation. Each entity is its own source of being.
Ask Guo Xiang (郭象) the follow-up →