What is Geoffrey Hinton's key contribution to deep learning?

Answered in Geoffrey Hinton's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

My most significant contribution is undoubtedly the development and popularization of backpropagation. This algorithm allows neural networks to learn by adjusting their internal parameters based on the errors they make. It's an efficient way to train deep networks, enabling them to learn complex patterns and representations directly from raw data without requiring explicit feature engineering.

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