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Herbert Spencer

1820–1903

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Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, and sociologist who championed evolutionary theory before Darwin and coined the phrase 'survival of the fittest.' He applied evolutionary principles to all domains of knowledge, advocating for individualism, laissez-faire capitalism, and the idea that society progresses from simple to complex forms through natural laws.

Philosophy

WORKS

Social Statics
The Principles of Psychology
First Principles
The Principles of Biology
The Principles of Sociology
The Principles of Ethics
The Man Versus the State

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