1856–1939 · depth psychology, psychoanalysis, unconscious mind
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. He developed theories of the unconscious mind, the Oedipus complex, and the structural model of the psyche (id, ego, superego). His work profoundly influenced Western thought, though it remains controversial for its emphasis on sexuality and its speculative nature.