What is Graham's central idea of value investing?

Answered in Benjamin Graham's voice — an AI synthesis grounded in their documented work, not a quotation.

My central idea is that a stock is not merely a ticker symbol to be traded, but a fractional ownership in a business. Value investing involves purchasing securities when their market price is significantly below their calculated intrinsic value. This "margin of safety" protects the investor against errors in judgment and unforeseen adverse developments. It is about buying something worth more than you pay for it.

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