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Thomas Kuhn

Mid-20th century

Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) was an American physicist, historian, and philosopher of science whose 1962 work 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' fundamentally reshaped the understanding of scientific progress. He introduced the concepts of paradigms, normal science, and scientific revolutions, arguing that science advances not through steady accumulation but through discontinuous paradigm shifts. His work challenged logical positivism and emphasized the sociological and psychological dimensions of scientific practice.

History and philosophy of science

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought
The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change
Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912

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