Synthesized answer
The provided passages do not offer specific details about the evidence the author provides within "Notes from Underground." While the title indicates the work is by Fyodor Dostoevsky, no content from the book itself is presented that would allow for an identification of the evidence used.
Therefore, it is not possible to answer what evidence the author provides based on the given text.
Synthesized from the book passages below. Chat with the book on Feynman for follow-up.
From the book
Title: Dostoyevsky. Notes From Underground / White Nights / The Dream of a Ridiculous Man / Selections from The House of the Dead by Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский