Summary
Johnson's "A Dictionary of the English Language" is not merely a compilation of words but a programmatic attempt to define and standardize the English language through authoritative definitions, etymologies, and illustrative quotations. Its central thesis is that English, despite its perceived lack of regularity, possesses an inherent logic and richness that can be captured and preserved through systematic lexicography. Johnson aimed to fix the language, curbing the "licentious" innovations and establishing a canon of usage.
The dictionary's main ideas include the importance of historical context for understanding word meanings, the role of authoritative usage in defining linguistic correctness, and the inherent complexity and beauty of the English vocabulary. Readers take away an appreciation for the meticulous effort required to codify language, a deeper understanding of word origins and evolution, and a sense of the dictionary's lasting influence on subsequent lexicographical efforts and the perception of English itself.
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Key concepts
- Etymology — The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history.
- Definition — A statement of the exact meaning of a word, especially in a dictionary.
- Quotation — A passage or expression that is quoted or cited, used by Johnson to exemplify a word's usage.
- Lexicography — The practice of compiling dictionaries.
- Standardization — The process of establishing norms and conventions for a language.