A Tale of Two Cities

Question

The novel centers on Dr. Manette's personal ordeal of imprisonment and release. How might Dickens use such an intensely personal story to illuminate, comment on, or even critique the vast and often impersonal social and political forces that defined the "conditions that led up to the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror"?

Synthesized answer

Dr. Manette's personal ordeal, particularly his unjust imprisonment and subsequent release, serves to illuminate the arbitrary nature of justice and the pervasive fear during the French Revolution. His eighteen years of secret imprisonment in the Bastille, followed by his introduction to a self-appointed Tribunal that summarily ordered the massacre or release of prisoners, highlights the breakdown of established legal processes and the rise of violent mob rule [3]. The "public current of the time" was so strong that even Dr. Manette's efforts to free Charles Darnay were ultimately ineffective against it [1].

The passages suggest that Dickens uses Dr. Manette's story to critique the "conditions that led up to the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror" by showcasing the abuse of power. The ability to "fill up blank forms for the consignment of any one to the oblivion of a prison for any length of time" without repercussion, and the plight of political prisoners being "dragged out by the crowd and murdered," exemplify the impersonal and brutal social and political forces at play [4, 3]. Dr. Manette's personal suffering becomes a microcosm of the larger societal injustices that…

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From the book

d been associated in the minds of his daughter and his friend, with his personal affliction, deprivation, and weakness. Now that this was changed, and he knew himself to be invested through that old trial with forces to which they both looked for Charles’s ultimate safety and deliverance, he became so far exalted by the change, that he took the lead and direction, and required them as the weak, to trust to him as the strong. The preceding relative positions of himself and Lucie were reversed, yet only as the liveliest gratitude and affection could reverse them, for he could have had no…
Passage [571]
personal influence so wisely, that he was soon the inspecting physician of three prisons, and among them of La Force. He could now assure Lucie that her husband was no longer confined alone, but was mixed with the general body of prisoners; he saw her husband weekly, and brought sweet messages to her, straight from his lips; sometimes her husband himself sent a letter to her (though never by the Doctor’s hand), but she was not permitted to write to him: for, among the many wild suspicions of plots in the prisons, the wildest of all pointed at emigrants who were known to have made…
Passage [570]
, that all political prisoners had been in danger, and that some had been dragged out by the crowd and murdered. To Mr. Lorry, the Doctor communicated under an injunction of secrecy on which he had no need to dwell, that the crowd had taken him through a scene of carnage to the prison of La Force. That, in the prison he had found a self-appointed Tribunal sitting, before which the prisoners were brought singly, and by which they were rapidly ordered to be put forth to be massacred, or to be released, or (in a few cases) to be sent back to their cells. That, presented by his conductors…
Passage [565]
the supplicatory fingers that clasped him in so violent a tremble: “pray control your agitation--a matter of business. As I was saying--” Her look so discomposed him that he stopped, wandered, and began anew: “As I was saying; if Monsieur Manette had not died; if he had suddenly and silently disappeared; if he had been spirited away; if it had not been difficult to guess to what dreadful place, though no art could trace him; if he had an enemy in some compatriot who could exercise a privilege that I in my own time have known the boldest people afraid to speak of in a whisper,…
Passage [48]
a faint hair-breadth line. So does a whole world, with all its greatnesses and littlenesses, lie in a twinkling star. And as mere human knowledge can split a ray of light and analyse the manner of its composition, so, sublimer intelligences may read in the feeble shining of this earth of ours, every thought and act, every vice and virtue, of every responsible creature on it. The Defarges, husband and wife, came lumbering under the starlight, in their public vehicle, to that gate of Paris whereunto their journey naturally tended. There was the usual stoppage at the barrier guardhouse,…
Passage [366]

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