Compare and contrast the perspectives on language mixing presented by the Surat Factors in 1617 and R. Verstegan in 1673. What underlying motivations or concerns might have driven their respective views?

From the book

thousand families of Franguis , Portugals , and these either Natives or Mesticks." ( Bernier , E.T. of 1684, p. 27.) A. Hamilton, whose experience belonged chiefly to the end of the same century, though his book was not published till 1727, states:— "Along the Sea-coasts the Portuguese have left a Vestige of their Language, tho' much corrupted, yet it is the Language that most Europeans learn first to qualify them for a general Converse with one another, as well as with the different inhabitants of India ." ( Preface , p. xii.) Lockyer, who published 16 years before Hamilton, also says:—…

f missionaries and others at an early date who had acquired a knowledge of Indian languages, but these were exceptional. The natives in contact with the Portuguese learned a bastard variety of the language of the latter, which became the lingua franca of intercourse, not only between European and native, but occasionally between Europeans of different nationalities. This Indo-Portuguese dialect continued to serve such purposes down to a late period in the last century, and has in some localities survived down nearly to our own day. The number of people in India claiming to be of Portuguese…

αθ' ἕκαστον ἔθνος ἰδιώματα ἀδύνατα εἰς ἄλλο ἔθνος διὰ φωνῆς σημαίνεσθαι "— Iamblichus , De Mysteriis , vii. cap. v. i.e. "For it is by no means always the case that translated terms preserve the original conception; indeed every nation has some idiomatic expressions which it is impossible to render perfectly in the language of another." "As well may we fetch words from the Ethiopians , or East or West Indians , and thrust them into our Language, and baptize all by the name of English , as those which we daily take from the Latine or Languages thereon depending; and hence it cometh, (as by…

C.K., all seem to have begun by learning Portuguese, and in their diaries speak of preaching occasionally in Portuguese. The foundation of this lingua franca was the Portuguese of the beginning of the 16th century; but it must have soon degenerated, for by the beginning of the last century it had lost nearly all trace of inflexion. It may from these remarks be easily understood how a large number of ​ our Anglo-Indian colloquialisms, even if eventually traceable to native sources (and especially to Mahratti, or Dravidian originals) have come to us through a Portuguese medium, and often bear…

ives in contact with foreigners, and of French about the French settlements, very much more common than it is elsewhere. It is this bad habit of interlarding English with Hindustani phrases which has so often excited the just wrath of high English officials, not accustomed to it from their youth, and which ( e.g. ) drew forth in orders the humorous indignation of Sir Charles Napier. One peculiarity in this use we may notice, which doubtless exemplifies some obscure linguistic law. Hindustani verbs which are thus used are habitually adopted into the quasi-English by converting the imperative…